Dammed Dams :: essays research papers

Dammed Dams The fundamental rule of a dammed dam is to keep water from being passed. Individuals have been proceeding and to manufacture and flawless these structures, not knowing the full power of their reactions. On the off chance that one takes a gauging scale and put the advantages of the damns on one side and the symptoms on the opposite side, the reactions will out weight the advantages multiple times over. One of these dammed dams has been set on the waterway Colorado, really not one but rather 40 of these feared dams. We ought to really change the term River to an enormous pipes framework. The Colorado River is known as the most controlled and enacted waterway on the planet. So as to fulfill the requirements of people we have made the one of the biggest pipes framework on the planet with the goal that we can go to our ice chest and have a glass of water. The water has been taken from the stream and the ice chest has honey bee controlled by the hydroelectric generators, which have been in troduced on the dammed damns. The outcome of these damn has been wrecking to the earth. I thusly encourage the understudy government relationship to sort out a situation piece so we can instruct the understudies of Embry Riddle. These dammed dams have effectsly affected the biological system, which relies upon the consistent progression of the waterway to endure. Fish such has salmon and different species have extensively declined because of the reality they cannot arrive at their rearing grounds. There are four fishes which are recorded on the imperiled species list and for them to be recorded on the rundown it took a law suite!! I mean for what reason does it need to take law suite to recognize the basic territory of these species If one chooses to angle on this waterway one needs to remember that the greater part of the water is bound for the wellsprings in Las Vegas and the pools in California. So I encourage the understudy relationship to arrange an article so we may understand that the water the fishes are swimming in is as of now purchased. Where does this water go? Water the most exceptional compound on earth, which is required to continue life by all living things, is been utilized to the degree that at our currant progress of water utilization we will have a water war in the following 2 centuries! So where does this water go?

Phase 3 Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Stage 3 Discussion Board - Assignment Example The circumstance turns out to be additionally testing when it includes the presentation of another item in a previously existing showcasing with different already existing rivalry. This will require the thought of specific item includes so as to present an item deliberately along these lines winning a significant showcasing share (Parente, 2005). Among the issues to examine in the lunch meeting will incorporate the showcasing blend, an instrument utilized by advertisers to assess the benefit of the item or administration. Advancement is a fundamental component in the advertising blend. It alludes to the expansion of item mindfulness among an objective market along these lines expanding the odds of the item buy. The essential device utilized by advertisers in advancing an item is its name. For this situation, the item has no name accordingly requiring the advertisers to decide a powerful name that will help secure a significant market for the item. The name must have a feeling of innovation and display the highlights of the item. A few different brands have worked in the market previously, a unique name must isn't a reenactment of the name of different items. Such may bring about legitimate tussles with the proprietors of the previously existing items. The name must have a simplicity of elocution and have a property that connects the items to the objective market. Items that target kids ought to have a musical name that the kids can articulate and recognize without any problem. The creativity in the name will help recognize the item from the rest and win the item acknowledgment from the notice of the name. After the assurance of a fitting name, marking turns into the second most significant advertising job. Marking offers the advertisers with a stage to promote the item inexpensively without acquiring extra media costs. Marking alludes to the names that the advertisers place on the bundling material on any item. An item looks pale and exhausting without a marked name on the bundling material,

Mary Ellen Mark

The term ‘photography’ started from the Greek words â€Å"drawing with light† (Grundberg, 2005). None could be an increasingly adept name for this human creation. In reality, when it prospered in the mid nineteenth century, we have at last found an approach to draw upon light and use it to freeze the high points and low points of our inquisitive race. The picture takers among us have taken pictures of logical headways and creative wonders, of the extraordinary people that had extraordinarily affected our general public, of lethargic towns and stunning vistas, of family life, and of whatever else that interests to our craving to deify the pieces of our reality. We have understood that photography is a helpful hobby.But others discover photography something beyond a side interest. They are the ones who catch a second, yet in addition, increasingly significant, shed light to those couple of living underneath the splits in the public eye. Such picture takers, for exam ple, would go to any war-torn nation, where they will archive the battles of youngster warriors and the individuals caught in war, so that ideally government officials would listen carefully, or a delicate heart.And still different photographic artists would go to any undocumented locale around the globe to delete the bias and contempt with which supposed social outcastsâ€like prostitutesâ€are treated. Diane Arbus, a prestigious American picture taker, once stated, â€Å"There are things no one would check whether I didn't photo them†. We have a lot to gain from the sort of social orders we, all in all, have madeâ€and through photography we could make a difference.Mary Ellen Mark, a picture taker herself, encapsulates the equivalent core value in her profession. She trusts in the extravagance of mankind, regardless of where it is found. Regardless of the rewarding guarantee in her sort of work, which a portion of her peers appreciate, Mark frequently escapes the corp orate world and dives into an increasingly private one, to the sort of spots where in any event, snapping a photo of an onlooker may jeopardize her own life.Yet she is eager to exchange her wellbeing for the story she gathers from the individuals around her. Commonly, in 1978, while endeavoring to photo the whores of Falkland Road, Bombay, Mark have needed to persevere through verbal affront and falls of trash tossed by individuals who felt undermined by her (Long, 2000). Others may call her style of photojournalism careless, if not self-destructive, yet Mark confides in individuals, and they to her consequently. She has had an extraordinary excursion up until this point, and she’ll certainly not stop.More than thirty years had gone in her honorable vocation. Be that as it may, similar to each unselfish individual who had decided to escape the futile way of life, Mark’s vocation began to some degree normally, her disclosure still a ways off. In the 1960’s she st arted the long ascension upwards to building a vocation, working for separated magazines, for example, Look and Life. A to some degree marvelous occupation contrasted with what she is doing well at this point. However even around then she was at that point consummating her photojournalism as she created rich photograph papers for both news and design periodicals. What's more, her customers was impressiveâ€Esquire, Holiday, The New York Times, Magazine, Vogue, and numerous others.1965 was the year where she at long last found the opportunity to escape the prohibitive office space. Imprint got a Fulbright Scholarship, which she utilized speedily as a venturing stone to go for a long time in different nations, for example, Greece, Italy, Germany, Spain, and England (Long, 2000). She was gradually expelling the chains that bound her to only one spot, a sort of opportunity that would serve her later on.Within that decade Mark started utilizing her camera to enlighten the concealed ove rlooked ignored biased pieces of society. Her perspective of things was evolving. This time, rather than floundering in charm and news, she was drenching herself in the difficulties of othersâ€the transvestites, master ladies and hostile to war demonstrators, and others which have regularly got less from a similar society to which they give quite a bit of their vacant sobs for correspondence, equity, and comprehension, and acceptance.She was in the bleeding edges, and she archived everything utilizing her camera. â€Å"What I need to accomplish more than anything is recognize their existence,† she once said. One is viewed as a respectful host in the event that one recognizes the nearness of another. Be that as it may, Mary Ellen Mark, even as she was building a vocation, was something other than a considerate individual. More than that. Indeed, by recognizing the presence of everyone around her, she was really engaging them, placing them in center and point of view, simila rly that a magnifying instrument looks at the germs on a crucibleâ€although for this situation she was analyzing the injuries in the public eye. Her camera turned into her allegorical expanded eye, one that opens her comprehension. Furthermore, with understanding she would likewise find compassion.Production stills, utilized in Hollywood films, came next in line for her. The work itself fit her photojournalismâ€on one hand she was taking pictures; then again, telling the significance behind the photos. At the point when she took stills of Milos Forman’s One Flew over the Cuckoo Nest, a film that was shot in a real mental clinic, Mark dove profound into the brains of the profoundly disturbed. It was 1973. In the long run, to carry herself closer to the patients, Mary Ellen Mark become friends with the hospital’s chief (Long, 2000).â€Å"I've quite recently consistently been keen on psychological well-being, mental illness,† she once said. Be that as it may, her advantage didn’t verge on a dismal interest; she simply did it because of her enthusiasm for her profession. Furthermore, rather than depicting the patients as a crazy group with no fix, Mark esteemed their uniqueness, their one of a kind characters that despite everything stow away underneath the unsettled veil (Long, 2000).That is one of her styles, her accepting that not all things show up precisely as they are in photos. She thinks something will show up beside what she accepts to be genuine. Her conviction is itself a style, for she fuses it into her work. She may snap a photo of a grinning youngster, for example, but then not realize what the kid truly feels; she probably won't realize that the kid might be concealing a bitterness profound inside. By the by, she despite everything takes pictures since part of her seesâ€whether intentionally or subconsciouslyâ€a certain connection with outsiders, a person seeing herself in others. What's more, on the off chanc e that that were the situation, at that point maybe one could even say that her style is more profound than individual, an approach to discover a spot for herself in this world.To her, each individual in the image is a raconteur. A rodeo cowpoke may seem manly, however somewhere inside he recounts to an account of his battles to keep up that machismo picture, if just to welcome food on to his family table. Or then again a female patient in a psychological emergency clinic may seem unequipped for concentrating on to anything and is just constrained to mumblings, however the clearness in her eyes or the posture at which her photograph was taken propose in any case. Storiesâ€each of us has a story to tell, and one of the approaches to telling it is through photographs.Mary Ellen Mark knows this well. In this way, another of her style is to let her subjects recount to their own accounts, the consideration away from her. â€Å"There's not a lot intriguing about me; what’s fasc inating is the individual I'm shooting, and that’s what I attempt to show,† she once said. The final product, obviously, is pictures that show strikingly the narratives of individuals, who appear to jump out of the paper, advising â€Å"Look at my story† to watchers. Mark’s photos show the humankind in each person, regardless of where the photograph was taken (Fulton).Mary Ellen Mark additionally cherishes indicating the incongruities of life and its members. One more of her style, which she has applied when she made a photograph exposition of 8 distinctive voyaging bazaars (Long, 2000). She concentrated on the outfits’ characters, the sprinters of the showâ€the creatures and the peculiar attractions, for example, the diminutive person and the acrobats. Without precedent for her life, she felt youthful once more, a lady shipped into an otherworldly world. She viewed everything just as she were watching it through the eyes of a baby. She portrayed it suitably: â€Å"It was brimming with incongruities, regularly amusing and here and there miserable, lovely and monstrous, adoring and on occasion merciless, yet consistently human.†Life is loaded with hues, every exceptional unto itself. A painter or picture taker mixes these rich hues to incredible impact, as a rule joining the genuine with the strange. Yet, even a few painters and picture takers do take care of their shading palettes on occasion. Furthermore, why shouldn’t they? All things considered, is it false that the extravagance of hues can cause a tactile over-burden, as well? Ellen Mark is such an individual who thinks so. By utilizing a highly contrasting palette in her photos, she expands the pieces of life and reality that are frequently ignored. In the greater part of her photos, for example, everything is made more clear by the absence of a rich palette, similar to a short delay throughout everyday life. The watcher at that point sees things that wer e once covered under colors.It is similar to the Zen idea of less is moreâ€in this case, the absence of such a large number of hues recounts to more tale about the spot, things, and individuals in the photos. Imprint once took photos of the sort of life that goes on inside a home for the wiped out and the perishing. Here, she stripped all the remarkable data achieved by conflicting hues, and rather brought out amazingly the stunning subtleties of the metal bunks, the skinny bodies, and the human likes in desolation (Long, 2000).Mary Ellen Mark is as one of a kind as the characters in her photos. In any case, some couldn’t help contrasting her style with that of Diane Arbus. The two ladies broaden life by lessening the hues to high contrast; both identify with those living outside the acknowledged circles in the public eye. However, maybe what isolates Mary Ellen Mark from her forerunner

Building Management System to Save Energy

Building Management System to Save Energy 1. Presentation of BMS Building Management System (BMS) is to control and screen building administrations frameworks in an effective manner by bringing together the control of individual frameworks ( 1.1). The frameworks incorporate HVAC, Fire Services Lift, Escalator, Lighting, Electrical Distribution, Steam Hot Water, and Plumbing Drainage. The fundamental capacity of BMS is concentrated control checking and shortcoming the executives. So it has another name call Central Control and Monitoring System (CCMS). Different capacities are improve interface network between frameworks, administration reaction to client, administrator control of frameworks and graphical presentation to make the control of framework more clients well disposed. Improve vitality productivity and operational effectiveness. Permit limit with respect to future overhauls developments and mechanization. Also, related framework Building Automation System (BAS) will be use on BMS. 2. Essential BMS Design 3-Levels BMS Architecture ( 2.1): l Management Level User can arrange and screen plant execution. Foresee future patterns, improve effectiveness, and investigate the executives report. l Automation/Controller Level The area with most prominent specialized control prerequisite, and separate one from others. Controllers consequently play out their undertakings from I/P and to O/P. Controllers can speak with one another (Peer-to-Peer). Occasion based activity. The gadgets can work at the most elevated proficiency and no tedious data is transmitted. Controllers possibly respond with the Management Level when plant leaves cutoff points, and alterations are made through a UI. l Field/Floor Level Information is accumulated through sensors and other clever gadgets. The data will be sent back to the controllers. Outsider hardware is incorporated into the Automation and Field levels with control at the Management level. Brought together Architecture: Halfway controlled framework ( 2.5) A control framework where transmission is to a focal PC and the dependence of all controls on a focal PC. Circulated Architecture: Circulated control ( 2.6) A control framework where control calculations and knowledge are made at various areas and the outcome facilitated. Framework Architecture: The imperatives of BMS are arrange development, the constrained assortment of topologies and transmission media. The arrangements are blending of correspondence media (contorted pair, power line, radio, infra-red, fiber optics, coaxial). Complete execution of OSI model. Utilizing free topology, easy to understand programming and advancement cost. Framework Topology Topology influences framework excess, correspondence convention and framework reaction time. The normal framework topologies, for example, Bus, Star, Tree, Ring and Mesh. Transport Topology ( 2.7) All gadgets are associated with a focal link, call the transport or spine. The preferred position is significantly less cabling prerequisites. The brands utilizing incorporate Ethernet, Profitbus, ControlNet, LonWorks. Star Topology ( 2.8) All gadgets are conned to a focal center point. Star systems are moderately simple to introduce and oversee, yet bottlenecks can happen in light of the fact that all information must go through the center point. Link deficiency influences one gadget in particular. In any case, correspondence center point deficiency influences all gadgets. The brands utilizing incorporate Ethernet, Profitbus, ControlNet, LonWorks. Tree Topology ( 2.9) The topology consolidates qualities of direct transport and star topologies. It comprises of gatherings of star-designed workstations associated with a straight transport spine link. Tree topologies take into account the development of a current system, and empower schools to design a system to address their issues. Gadget at the most noteworthy point in the chain of importance controls the system. The brands utilizing incorporate Ethernet, Profitbus, ControlNet, LonWorks. Ring Topology ( 2.10) All gadgets are associated with each other looking like a shut circle, so every gadget is associated legitimately to two different gadgets, one on either side of it. Same as transport coordinate with the two edges associate. The brands utilizing incorporate Token Ring, FDDI, Profitbus. Work Topology (Fig 2.11) Network topology which joins more than one essential topology, for example, transport, ring, or star. Useful for excess. It will utilize bunches of link to interface each gadget with each gadget. Contemplations in Topology Layout for robotizing working with huge measure of focuses require very much planned system division, so as to accomplish a decent presentation foundation. All around planned organized system by utilizing repeaters, connects or shockingly better utilizing switches to improve arrange unwavering quality and rearrange arrange investigating. A few reasons why fragmenting a system is significant: Isolation of individual system portions so as to confine the proliferation of a solitary flaw to one section and keep this single deficiency from spreading out over the whole system. Various hubs request distinctive correspondence media and diverse system speeds yet they all need to speak with one another, which requires and interconnection between the diverse systems administration media. Increment the quantity of potential hubs in a solitary system and increment the quantity of potential hubs in a solitary system. Keep neighborhood traffic inside one portion so as to maintain a strategic distance from arrange traffic over-burden conditions which will make administration like HVAC, lighting glitch. BMS Configurations There are three sorts setups utilizing in BMS: 1. Regular design Server workstations daisy tied with DDCs (as a rule utilizing RS-485). Common RS-485 Controller Level system ( 2.14) generally low transmission capacity (around 9600 bps). The constrained hubs around 100, and the separation is lower than 1200m. Just for information transmission. Controller Level Network 2. Ethernet-Based arrangement Use Ethernet as transmission media. Servers, Workstations and DDCs on a similar Ethernet stage. Normal Ethernet-Based Network ( 2.15) with high transmission capacity (ordinary 1Gbps spine). Use IP Technology implies open stage for different applications. Practically no separation constraint. Continuously use for information, voice video frameworks. Ethernet-Based Network 3. Cross breed design ( 2.16) Non-order engineering with blend of various autonomous systems and interfaces. Different system topologies. Half and half Configuration Systems administration Protocol Convention ( 2.17) is a lot of rules, which permits PC/controllers/gadgets to convey starting with one then onto the next. Restrictive Protocols created by frameworks or PC production to impart to their OWN equipment and programming over a suggested arrange. Open Protocols opening up conventions implies uncovering methodology, structures, and codes and permitting other framework engineers to compose interfaces and offer information on their system. Acknowledgment of an open convention relies upon its quality, highlights, and administrations gave. 2.17 Protocol The OSI Seven Layer Model ( 2.18) Each layer has a characterized set of capacities. The model gives a helpful basic reference to impart convention. Most correspondence conventions incorporating those utilized in our field today utilize either all or a portion of the seven layers of the OSI model. 1. System competent Applications produce DATA. 2. Every convention layer adds a header to the information it gets from the layer above it. This is called epitome. Typified information is transmitted in Protocol Data Units (PDUs). There are Presentation PDUs, Session PDUs, Transport PDUs and so on. 3. PDUs are gone down through the pile of layers (called the stack for short) until they can be transmitted over the Physical layer. 4. Any layer on one machine communicates in a similar language as a similar layer on some other machine, and in this way can impart by means of the Physical layer. 5. Information passed upwards is unencapsulated before being left more remote behind. 6. All data is gone down through all layers until it arrives at the Physical layer. 7. The Physical layer cleaves up the PDUs and transmits the PDUs over the wire. The Physical layer gives the genuine physical network between machines over which all correspondence happens. 2.18 OSI Seven Layer Model The Physical layer accommodates physical availability between arranged gadgets. Transmission and receipt of information from the physical medium is overseen at this layer. The Physical layer gets information from the Data Link Layer, and transmits it to the wire. The Physical layer controls recurrence, plentifulness, stage and regulation of the sign utilized for transmitting information, and performs demodulation and disentangling upon receipt. Note that for two gadgets to impart, they should be associated with a similar kind of physical medium (wiring). Ether to Ether, FDDI to FDDI and so on. Two end stations utilizing various conventions can just convey through a multi-convention connect or a switch. The physical layer is answerable for two occupations: 1. Correspondence with the Data connect layer. 2. Transmission and receipt of information. The Datalink Layer is the second layer of the OSI model. The datalink layer performs different capacities relying on the equipment convention utilized, yet has four essential capacities: 1. Correspondence with the Network layer above. 2. Division of upper layer datagrams (likewise called bundles) into outlines in sizes that can be taken care of by the interchanges equipment. 3. BIT ORDERING. Sorting out the example of information bits before transmission (parcel organizing) 4. Correspondence with the Physical layer underneath. This layer gives solid travel of information over a physical connection. The datalink layer is worried about physical tending to, organize topology, physical connection the executives, blunder notice, requested conveyance of edges, and stream control. System Layer builds up and ends associations between the originator and beneficiary of data over the system. Relegate one of a kind delivers to every hub on the system. The addresses recognize the start and end of the information transmission parcels. Outbound information is passed down from the Transport layer, is epitomized in the Network layers convention and afterward sent t

Ghost Essay Topics - How to Find Some Writing Work Online

Ghost Essay Topics - How to Find Some Writing Work OnlineAre you looking for ghost essay topics? There are many different ghost essays to choose from, but the reason that they exist is because people want to see your body of work, and if you are thinking about trying to make a name for yourself, you want to make sure that your content is interesting. There are thousands of ghost writers out there, and the internet is packed with ways for you to make money. Here is some information to help you with your choice.There are ghost writers out there who will write articles on general interest, entertainment, or sports. They might even write for teenagers and young adults. You can also consider ghost writing fiction, especially if you are looking for ghost writers who have experience with ghost stories.These ghost writers are someone who has experience with the ghost story genre, which is usually about a major character and their life. If you are interested in writing a ghost story, or simpl y want to check out what else is out there, this is a great way to start.Once you have the ghost topic chosen, you are ready to go to the internet and find a ghost writer. As mentioned above, there are thousands of ghost writers out there who are looking for ghost writing jobs. To find a good one, you can ask around, or search for online ghost writing jobs, or your local area will have some ghost writers as well.Some ghost writers that you may meet offline will work with you directly, while others will need to be contacted by you first. There are pros and cons to both options, but with the internet being the easiest medium to get in contact with anyone, you should not worry too much about it. Most ghost writers will need some kind of payment, so make sure that you know what you are willing to do before you get started. Otherwise, you can simply wait and see what happens.For ghost essay topics, your best bet is to contact your family and friends, and see what they think. This is the best way to make sure that you can get paid to write something of quality. If they think it's worth it, you will be able to try ghost writing on a weekly basis.There are ghost essay topics to choose from, and there are many more to come out. The more you try out for ghost essay jobs, the more likely you are to find a ghost writer that you can trust. Of course, if you don't, at least you know where to start.

Main Principles of Time Management - Free Essay Example

INABILITY TO SAY NO: We all hunger to be as helpful as we can when others need us, but this can mean pleasing time away from other priorities to do something we may not have planned. INTERRUPTIONS: Many times, we are in the middle of completing something really important and the telephone rings. These calls can not only take you away from your task, but occasionally they interpose your train of thought and you cant return to where you were without redoing your steps. MORE INTERRUPTIONS: We all like to visit with others, but discussions at unsuitable times can cost us time when we have to stop what we are doing and transmit ourselves from our plans. PERIODS OF INACTIVITY: As abundant as we think we are busy, there are periods in our day when we are not really doing anything. Knowing and making use of these times can have a optimistic effect on our efforts. TOO MANY THINGS AT ONCE: Many of our errands are not practices. They require attention to detail. When we are attempting to do too many different things at one time, each individual task agonizes as a result. STRESS AND FATIGUE: Everyone practices stress from time to time, and sometimes we actually operate a little better when there is some level of stress. Too much stress, on the other hand, causes our work to suffer and attires us down physically and mentally. Dealing with stress is an important part of time managing. ALL WORK AND NO PLAY: Most effective people know how to stability work and play. When work takes over your life, you not only give your body little time to re-energize, but you may end up losing the really vital things in life like family and friends. WHAT CAN WE DO? The difficulties that we face are not insoluble. Sometimes, the stiffest thing to do is to identify that these obstacles exist and are affecting your ability to manage your time.When you have identified your problems, you can begin to overcome them. Plans you can use to overwhelmed the problems we just examined: SET GOALS The first, and most vital strategy you can hire to manage your time is to set clear goals for yourself. As a Lions front-runner, you will want to achieve many things in your time of office. The best favor you can do for yourself is to govern what those goals are and make sure your efforts are always directed toward their achievement. Effective goals share number of characteristics in common. Effective goals are: SPECIFIC: When a goal is too unclear, you may never know how to reach it or even when you have touched it. Make certain that you know precisely what you hope to attain. MEASURABLE: When you have a goal that is quantifiable, you will know how far you have to go to grasp the goal, and when you get there. ACHIEVABLE: It is commendable to set your sights high, but sometimes we try to achieve more than we can actually do. Training and certifying ten Certified Managerial Lions in your district in one year may or may not be achievable at this time for number of reasons. Your penalty area must be such that, if you spread yourself you can just spread them. REALISTIC: Can you launch a program in your district to help everyone with dream problems? It is certainly a worthwhile goalmouth, but it may not be faithful at this time. It might be better to work on setting up a program with schools to provide vision testing and glasses for deprived children. TIME-BASED: Most of the goals that you launch in your position as a Lions front-runner will not be long-term. It is significant to set time guidelines for your goals, so that you can keep track of your progress as you are going along and can be alert to when you are falling behindhand schedule. PRIORITIZE As a leader in your club or district, you will be faced with many responsibilities. It is safe to say that you will not be able to do the whole thing, so it is wise to periodically make a list of the tasks that confront you and prioritize them. The following technique may be helpful in ordering: DO: Govern from the list the things you think are most important to achieve and are things you should do yourself. DELEGATE: Recall that there many Lions within your district with skills, experience, and inspiration to carry out a wide variety of tasks. A truly actual district governor understands that real leaders do not try to accomplish everything themselves and recognizes that some things are better handled by others. Allotting not only frees up your time for other things, it guarantees that capitals are used wisely and that Lions who want to help are inspired and involved. DELAY UNTIL ANOTHER TIME: Some things can wait. The hazard is deferring too many things until deadlines are near. The best policy here is to ponder when things are due, how long it will take to accomplish them, and what your current workload will allow. For example, registrations and request forms that are not yet due could be sent to LCI former if you have time. It makes logic to delay things that are not due when you are overworked and to achieve them ahead of time when you can. DELETE: If you have set areas using the guidelines we mentioned earlier, you may recognize that some of them are not attainable or realistic, or that they are just not important. A good leader knows when to focus on the important and remove the rest. It is vital when you have ordered your tasks that you: ADDRESS THE URGENT: Take attention of things with short-term moments as soon as possible.

The Holocaust and The Final Solution Essay - 645 Words

The Holocaust was not just bad; it was horrific in every way. The Final Solution was meant to control people and scare people. Over eleven million people died in Europe. The United States came in later than they should have, but they stopped the Axis Powers from gaining too much control. However, my people, the Jewish people, would never forget the tragedy that doomed millions of lives. It was all started by a man named Adolf Hitler. Native to Austria, he fought for Germany in World War One. After germany surrendered, Hitler was furious. He wanted Germany to rise to what his vision of greatness was. After a failed attempt to overthrow the government, he got into politics. A few years later, he became chancellor of Germany. Hitler then†¦show more content†¦She was in hiding for two and a half years with her sister Margot, mother and father, Peter Van Daan, his mother and father, and Albert Dussel. Then the police found them and took them to transport camp. From there, they were taken to a labor camp. They were seperated by gender and never saw each other again. Anne and Margot were taken to another camp after they got sick. Margot died a few weeks later, followed by Anne, who had survived just days before their camp was freed by the Allies. Everyone perished except for Annes father, Otto Frank. He went back to their hiding space to see if anything had been s alvaged and he saw Annes diary. In it were stories and everything that had happend while she was there. He published it in honor of Anne and died many years later. In Washington D.C, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was planning out attcaks on the Axis Powers, getting advice and suggestions from the generals. Early on, the United States wanted nothing to do with World War Two. Japan took that as a threat and bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. This caused the US to declare war on the Axis Powers The Axis Powers were Italy, Germany, and Japan. It wasnt until after the war that the army understood what the Nazis were planning, along with Italy and Japan. By then, over eleven million people had died in Europe alone. We learn about the Holocaust so that history doesnt repeat itself. In other words, the world doesnt want this to happen again.Show MoreRelatedThe Holocaust and The Final Solution 578 Words   |  2 PagesThe Holocaust is known to be time in history when Adolf Hitler was given power and used his power to attempt to eliminate all Jews in Europe. This essay will discuss Hitler’s anti-Semitic racial beliefs towards Jews, the consequences of his actions and the Final Solution. The Holocaust started around Germany only, though not long after it had spread along all Europe. Hitler instructed the Nazis in Germany in 1933 to eliminate all Jews in Europe any way they could and to destroy their homes, familiesRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Execution Of The Final Solution2197 Words   |  9 Pages The Holocaust, the execution of the Final Solution in response to the Jewish problem, commenced in the early 1940s. However, throughout the beginning and middle of World War II, Hitler tyrannized European Jews by forced emigrations and deportations out of Western Europe. World War II comprised this incremental radicalization of oppression towards the Jews; expulsions and deportations to prohibitions and ultimately, an attempt to enact mass genocide. What was the cause for the intensification ofRead MoreThe Holocaust and The Final Solution Plan Essay622 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust, it’s such a horrific topic. Why do we study this? The answer I will give at the end of this essay, although, there are many ways people look at the holocaust, different opinions that people have, different understandings. This is my understanding. Holocaust. (The Greek word meaning Whole (Holo), and burnt (Caust). The name although sad, is quite an appropriate name for this event in history, because the Jewish people’s spirt, was almost entirely â€Å"Burnt†. Hitler’s rise to power beganRead MoreThe Final Solution from Witnesses to the Holocaust688 Words   |  3 Pagesa vivid description of ugly, taking place events too hard to take in, and the death of 6 million innocent people. The Final Solution in an excerpt from Witnesses to the Holocaust: An Oral History, where Sam Bankhalter and Hinda Kibort detail their horrifying account of Hitler’s rash and day to day life in the Nazi concentration camps where they were imprisoned. The Final Solution was a plan systematically matriculated by the Nazi to exterminate European Jews by placing them in work camps designedRead MoreThe Holocaust: The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem Essays2236 Words   |  9 PagesThe Holocaust is defined as destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war. Following 1945, the word has taken on a new meaning referring to the mass slaughtering of millions of European Jews as well as other persecuted groups (gypsies and homosexuals), by the German Nazi regime during the Second World War. In Europe the Jews experienced anti-Semitism (hostility or prejudice against Jews) which dated back to the ancient world, to the time when the Jewish templesRead MoreHeinrich Himmlers Role In Nazi Germany And The Holocaust1258 Words   |  6 PagesGermany and the Holocaust, Heinrich Himmler should be the first person that comes to mind. Heinrich Himmler was one of the leading members of the German National Socialist party, or widely known as the German Nazis. Himmler was the leader of many operations during his time in Nazi Germany, with the Final Solution during the Holocaust being his most well known. Three reasons why people should learn about Heinrich Himmler when talking about the Holocaust is his role in the Final Solution, the SS (eliteRead MoreEssay on The Holocaust1099 Words   |  5 Pages The Holocaust The first research in the late 1940s and early 1950s focused on the Jewishness of the Holocaust. Called the Final Solution by the Germans, it was the object of two pivotal studies, both of which had the Jews at the center of their treatment. The first was The Final Solution by Gerald Reitlinger and the second The Destruction of the European Jews by Raul Hilberg. Most major studies since have had the same focus: Lucy Dawidowicz (The War Against theRead MoreGenocide from the Jews in the Holocaust to the Mayans in Guatemala848 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia, proves how effortlessly fascism can corrupt people. This experiment begins with a student’s question about the Holocaust which Jones cannot answer. The Holocaust was a horrific event that occurred from 1933 to 1945. This atrocity was initiated by Adolf Hitler, who tortured and murdered over eleven million Jewish people in extermination camps. Today, the Holocaust is considered â€Å"genocide,† a word that was first coined in 1944 by a lawyer by the name of Raphael Lemkin. Genocide is â€Å"theRead MoreReview of Peter Longerichs Holocaust1153 Words   |  5 PagesPeter Longerichs Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews is a recent contribution to the contemporary scholarly literature on the subject. The book was originally published in 1998 in German, under the title Politik der Vernichtung, Politics of Destruction. This 2010 English-language release is, as the author claims, shorter in some areas and longer in others. The primary additions include a chapter on anti-Semitism in the Weimar Republic, which adds considerable meat to the contextualRead MoreAtrocities of the Holocaust Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pageshumanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust is one of the most prominent. From 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews and other lesser races. This war came to a head with the Final Solution in 1938. One of the most horrific results of the Final Solution were the scores of concentration and death camps spread across Nazi Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi-controlled Europe. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, people around the world were shocked by final tallies of human losses,

Baby Boom History

The dramatic increase in the number of births from 1946 to 1964 in the United States (1947 to 1966 in Canada and 1946 to 1961 in Australia) is called the Baby Boom. It was caused by young males who, upon returning to the United States, Canada, and Australia following tours of duty overseas during World War II, began families; this brought about a significant number of new children into the world. The Beginning of the Baby Boom In the 1930s to early 1940s, new births in the United States averaged around 2.3 to 2.8 million each year. In 1946, the first year of the Baby Boom, new births in the U.S. skyrocketed to 3.47 million births! New births continued to grow throughout the 1940s and 1950s, leading to a peak in the late 1950s with 4.3 million births in 1957 and 1961. (There was a dip to 4.2 million births in 1958) By the mid-sixties, the birth rate began to slowly fall. In 1964 (the final year of the Baby Boom), 4 million babies were born in the U.S. and in 1965, there was a significant drop to 3.76 million births. From 1965 on, there was a plunge in the number of births to a low of 3.14 million births in 1973, lower than any year’s births since 1945. Life of a Baby Boomer In the United States, approximately 79 million babies were born during the Baby Boom. Much of this cohort of nineteen years (1946-1964) grew up with Woodstock, the Vietnam War, and John F. Kennedy as president. In 2006, the oldest Baby Boomers turned 60 years old, including the first two Baby Boomer presidents, Presidents William J. Clinton and George W. Bush, both born in the first year of the Baby Boom, 1946. Dropping Birth Rate After 1964 From 1973 on, Generation X was nowhere near as populous as their parents. The total births rose to 3.6 million in 1980 and then 4.16 million in 1990. For 1990 on, the number of births has remained somewhat constant – from 2000 to now, the birth rate has hovered at 4 million annually. It’s amazing that 1957 and 1961 are the peak birth years in raw number of births for the nation even though the total national population was 60% of the current population. Obviously, the birth rate among Americans has dropped precipitously. The birth rate per 1000 population in 1957 was 25.3. In 1973, it was 14.8. The birth rate per 1000 rose to 16.7 in 1990 but today has dropped to 14. Affect on Economy The dramatic increase in births during the Baby Boom helped to lead to exponential rises in the demand for consumer products, suburban homes, automobiles, roads, and services. Demographer P.K. Whelpton forecast this demand, as quoted in the August 9, 1948 edition of Newsweek. When the number of persons is rising rapidly it is necessary to prepare for the increase. Houses and apartments must be built; streets must be paved; power, light, water, and sewer systems must be extended; existing factories, stores and other business structures must be enlarged or new ones erected; and much machinery must be manufactured. And that’s exactly what happened. The metropolitan areas of the United States exploded in growth and led to huge suburban developments, such as Levittown. The table below displays the total number of births for each year indicated from 1930 through 2007 in the United States. Notice the increase in births during the Baby Boom from 1946 to 1964. The source for this data are numerous editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. U.S. Births 1930-2007 Year Births 1930 2.2 million 1933 2.31 million 1935 2.15 million 1940 2.36 million 1941 2.5 million 1942 2.8 million 1943 2.9 million 1944 2.8 million 1945 2.8 million 1946 3.47 million 1947 3.9 million 1948 3.5 million 1949 3.56 million 1950 3.6 million 1951 3.75 million 1952 3.85 million 1953 3.9 million 1954 4 million 1955 4.1 million 1956 4.16 million 1957 4.3 million 1958 4.2 million 1959 4.25 million 1960 4.26 million 1961 4.3 million 1962 4.17 million 1963 4.1 million 1964 4 million 1965 3.76 million 1966 3.6 million 1967 3.5 million 1973 3.14 million 1980 3.6 million 1985 3.76 million 1990 4.16 million 1995 3.9 million 2000 4 million 2004 4.1 million 2007 4.317 million The table below displays the total number of births for each year indicated from 1930 through 2007 in the United States. Notice the increase in births during the Baby Boom from 1946 to 1964. The source for this data are numerous editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. U.S. Births 1930-2007 Year Births 1930 2.2 million 1933 2.31 million 1935 2.15 million 1940 2.36 million 1941 2.5 million 1942 2.8 million 1943 2.9 million 1944 2.8 million 1945 2.8 million 1946 3.47 million 1947 3.9 million 1948 3.5 million 1949 3.56 million 1950 3.6 million 1951 3.75 million 1952 3.85 million 1953 3.9 million 1954 4 million 1955 4.1 million 1956 4.16 million 1957 4.3 million 1958 4.2 million 1959 4.25 million 1960 4.26 million 1961 4.3 million 1962 4.17 million 1963 4.1 million 1964 4 million 1965 3.76 million 1966 3.6 million 1967 3.5 million 1973 3.14 million 1980 3.6 million 1985 3.76 million 1990 4.16 million 1995 3.9 million 2000 4 million 2004 4.1 million 2007 4.317 million

Rockign Horse Winner - 733 Words

The short story, â€Å"Rocking-Horse Winner†, and the movie based on it contrast considerably. When the written story has ended the movie continues with ideas, which may not come from the author. Three major differences of the two are: the mother, the father, and the ending. In the movie the mother, Hester, is portrayed as a loving and self-sacrificing person. While in the short story she is exposed to be a cold-hearted, and greedy person. Another instance where the short story and movie differ is the role of the father. In the beginning of the written story the author reveals Hester to be a cold-hearted mother. â€Å"She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them†(75). In public she is thought of as†¦show more content†¦When Paul goes into the coma-like state his mother sits at his bedside and cries when he dies. After Paul dies Hester wants nothing to do with the money, she even tells Bassett to burn it. The heartless Hester in the written story never shed a tear when Paul died. Another major difference between the written story and the movie is the character of the father. In the short story the author only mentions him briefly. â€Å"The father went to town to some office. But though he had good prospects, these prospects never materialized†(76). Hester talks about her husband being unlucky frequently, but the husband is never present. Yet in the movie the father plays a moderately significant character. Throughout the movie he is included in the dialogue. He even stands up to Hester a couple of times. Everyday the father goes to work while trying to find a better job. Everyday when he gets home she asks if he had any luck finding a better job. When he reply’s that he didn’t have any luck, she belittles the job he does have. When the father loses the job he does have Hester and Uncle Oscar both scold him. The most important difference between the movie and the written story is when the written story ends the movie continues with ideas, which may not come from the author. The movie continues to show the viewer Hester’s reaction to Paul’s death. When Paul dies she orders Bassett to take the rocking horse out of the house and burn it. When Bassett asks her what

Views on Gay Marriage in Anna Quindlin’s Essay Evan’s Two...

The essay, â€Å"Evan’s Two Moms†, was written by Anna Quindlin and published in the 2004 edition of Good Reasons with Comtemporary Arguments. This essay takes a liberal point of view concerning gay marriage and the ability to raise a child in a gay family. Throughout Quindlen’s essay, her structure introduces ethos, pathos and logos through a variety of court cases to gain the readers trust; she appeals to both emotion and logic in her reader through passion and unwavering intensity, which disapproves of those who take a radical point of view about gay marriage. Anna Quindlen’s structure of â€Å"Evan’s Two Moms† provides the reader with explicit details concerning the debate about gay marriage. In Quindlen’s introductory paragraph up until†¦show more content†¦Another excellent example of where Anna Quindlen applies pathos is when she states that gay marriage is a radical notion for straight people and a conservative notion for gay ones (410). This separates people into two groups concerning their opinions about gay marriage and reinforces Quindlens’ statement by giving examples of each notion. â€Å"In Madison, Wisconsin, a couple who applied at the Y with their kids for a family membership were turned down because both were women. It’s one of those things that can make a person feel small† (Quindlen 411). Quindlen tries to relay the message that the America of tolerance is being heavily treaded upon and when some make the assumption that this is a â€Å"straight world† and r ight to be gay is denied, it can drive someone to be captive to society in a place that is known as the â€Å"’land of the free.’† â€Å"’Fran and I chose to get married for the same reasons that any two people do,’ said the lawyer who was fired in Georgia. ‘We fell in love; we wanted to spend our lives together.’ Pretty simple’† (Quindlen 411). This applies to pathos because Quindlen makes it known that something so simple has to be part of one of the most widely debated issues today; she finds it ridiculous how something so simple like love between two people is open to debate. The body of the essay refers to Anna Quindlen’s ethos. She comes across as trusting, knowledgeable and intelligent by providing the reader with

Creating Human Life Through Genetics Essay Example For Students

Creating Human Life Through Genetics Essay Creating Human Life Through Genetics Essay In todays world, people are learning a great deal in the rapidly growing and developing fields of science and technology. Almost Each day, an individual can see or hear about new discoveries and advances in these fields of study. One very common topic that has been in the news and social talk of all people recently is what us human beings will be able to do through the development of science and technology in the future. The most heated and controversial of these topics that I notice is in the field of genetic testing and engineering in humans. Many people have wondered about whether the manipulation of human cells is somehow contrary to the laws of nature or religion especially in childbirth. Genetic testing and gene therapy are at the forefront of medicines future, according to experts in the field (DAllegro). There are many reasons why scientists want to learn more on the genetic make-up of humans. Currently, about one-third of the human genetic code has been sequenced through a federally funded effort known as the Human Genome Project, a study run by the National Institute of Healths Genome Research Institute, to code the entire human genetic map. Scientists are estimating that by 2003, the entire genetic code will be found and then they will be able to test for a wide variety of common disorders. Some of the main disorders the geneticists hope to cure are Parkinsons, Alzheimers, muscular dystrophy, and diabetes, and by doing the research, they also hope to stumble onto vaccines and other cures for diseases. Quellet-2 One main type of genetic research in humans is the ability to clone. Scientists first have used this technique to clone body parts for people. This allows the scientists to take the patients own genetic make-up and grow a part that he or she may need that will not be rejected by his or her own body. The next step the scientists have taken is in the area of eugenics, which means, good breeding. This technique is defined as, the science of improving the physical and mental qualities of human beings through genetics and cloning. Scottish geneticists first demonstrated this practice in 1997 with a sheep named Dolly that was produced from a cell of an adult female sheep. From this being the foundation of the research, scientists are hoping that in the future they will be able to better the human race genetically. Even though there could be many advantages in the field of human genetics, there are many ethical comments and questions raised by all types of people. The main point most scientists try to make is that by performing eugenics, the human race would be unbalanced (DAllegro). They say that the genetic advances might be reserved only for the wealthy, which then would separate the classes of people even more than they already are today (DAllegro). A second main point people raise on this issue is that by manipulating human genes, scientists are playing the role of god. Many people say that human life cannot be intellectual property (Fischer). Problems come when some scientists insist that the research be conducted using materials cut from living human embryos (Fischer). When asked why they perform this procedure, many say, Because its there (Fischer). This Quellet-3 stirs up much controversy with people that think creating humans should be left as gods job. After researching the main points and facts from both sides of the issue, I strongly feel that human genetics is wrong. I agree with Mark Nicholls of the Movement Against the Cloning of Humans, which he stated that, This is a very dangerous science and soon we may not even have control over our own DNA. I also think that individuals are special because god made every person different, and that by creating a race of people who are all equally talented defeats the purpose of god. While finding information on human genetics, I found a lot of facts that were never told to the public. .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .postImageUrl , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:hover , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:visited , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:active { border:0!important; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:active , .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06 .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f256974cc5a8bff54545e77e25cca06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enterprise Architecture Essay Thesis One of these intriguing facts had to do with the cloned sheep named Dolly. It stated that members of the scientific team closely examined Dollys chromosomes .

In Goyas Greatest Scenes We Seem to See free essay sample

In this paper I will be exploring the social criticism that is conveyed by Lawrence Ferlinghetti in his poem â€Å"In Goya’s Greatest Scenes We Seem to See. † Ferlinghetti criticizes the industrial revolution in America; he compares its outcomes with war. Ferlinghetti alludes to various paintings by Goya that depict war, and links their interpretation to the industrialization in America. The poem contains various poetic elements such as alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis all reinforce his rhetoric. Being a painter as well as a poet contributes to Ferlinghetti’s brilliant mixing of art and poetry, the poem’s appearance has a strong visual effect, one that transports the notion of war and chaos through its form. I will demonstrate Ferlinghetti’s use of alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis, as a means to criticize the industrialization in America. The socio historical context of this poem is the economic growth that the American society has experienced during the 1950’s, also known as â€Å"the golden age of capitalism. Lawrence Ferlinghetti was a part of the â€Å"Beat Generation,† a group of poets that among other things were known for their criticism of capitalism and rejection of materialism. The poem was published in Ferlinghetti’s book titled â€Å"A Coney Island of the Mind† in 1958. It is written in an open form and lacks clear rhymes and structure; it follows the rhythm of natural speech. I will refer to the poem by lines, and as having two sections: the first discusses art, and the second discusses American society and highways. The speaker addressee relation in the poem is from one scholar to another. Ferlinghetti’s language as well as his reference to art indicates that the poem targets educated people, possibly his fellow poets. In this poem Ferlinghetti fuses two periods, the peninsular war as it was depicted by Goya, and the industrialization in the 1950’s. In the first section and lines, Ferlinghetti describes the pain and suffering that is inflicted on humanity using Ekpharsis, he refers to art and dramatically portrays its meaning, which later he links to industrialization. â€Å"In Goya’s greatest scenes we seem to see/ the people of the world† (lines1-2) The alliteration in the first sentence draws attention specifically to Goya’s paintings, combined with the plural ‘we,’ can be seen as referring to fellow scholars, like him, they are able to interpret Goya’s paintings. These lines contain a hyperbolic exaggeration; Ferlinghetti generalizes the people of the world, as all being portrayed in a particular painting. All the people in the world could never be depicted in a single painting. The use of hyperbole draws attention to Ferlinghetti’s interpretation of that particular moment, as if people from the 1950’s are depicted in it. He continues to portray â€Å"[the exact] moment when/ they first attained the title of /†suffering humanity† (lines3-5). Ferlinghetti refers to a particular moment that depicts collective suffering; however the specific moment of reaching the title of â€Å"suffering humanity† (line 5) cannot be determined. Ferlinghetti personifies the painted â€Å"suffering humanity† (line 5) they â€Å"writhe upon the page,† (line 9) as if twisting in pain in the painting. All these instances of hyperbole portray horrors of war as if they become alive today, at the climax of the industrialization. Ferlinghetti uses hyperbolic descriptions to dramatize and attract attention to the circumstances in the paintings; he links the outcomes of past war, to the present-day industrialization. Ferlinghetti reference to particular paintings is in order to connect the depicted war to industrialization. It is evident through the â€Å"suffering humanity,† (line 5) and specific elements such as â€Å"groaning with babies and bayonets/under cement skies†. These images allude to a series of painting by Goya called â€Å"The Disasters of war,† that depict realistic images of war. These images represent Ferlinghetti’s perception of industrialization. Lines 10 and 11 that depict a scene of battle, also display a strong contrast between babies and bayonets. Babies symbolize birth, giving life and continuation, while bayonets stand for death, murder, and the taking of lives. The description of Goya’s paintings provides a strong contrast between nature and industrialization. There are no natural elements in Goya’s paintings, the skies appear to be cement like, trees are â€Å"blasted,† (line12) hit, stricken, not by a natural force but by war. The â€Å"cement skies† (line11) have a double meaning; besides suggesting an image of a dark war they provide a connection to the concept of industrialization. â€Å"Bent statues bats wings and beaks/slippery gibbets/ cadavers and carnivorous cocks† (lines 13-15) these lines contain strong alliterations; the emphasis in their pronunciation creates drama that draws attention to the message of  death that is conveyed in these lines. The â€Å"abstract landscape of blasted trees,† (line12) also alludes to industrialization; Ferlinghetti contrasts natural elements with men made material. The theoretical scene of bent trees evokes the sense of war between natural vs. unnatural elements, through the destruction of natural elements, outcomes of war are linked with industrialization. Ferlighetti’s description of images from Goya’s â€Å"The Disasters of war,† mediate between his knowledge of art and poetry, transforming powerful and vivid scenes of war, to those of industrialization. The particular images that Ferlinghetti describes are termed in a very particular and precise word choice. Ferlinghetti’s language in the poem has a strong political connotation. Being a part of the â€Å"Beat Generation,† has influenced his writing and word choice in this poem. The main agenda of the â€Å"Beat† culture comprised of dismissing known conventions in writing, being modern and revolutionary, experimenting with drugs and sexuality, rejecting and criticizing materialism, and explicit depictions of human condition. Most of these elements are exhibited in the poem. Terms like â€Å"blasted trees† (line 12) and â€Å"bent statues,† and â€Å"beaks,† (line 13) may be interpreted as drug related. In terms of slang being ‘blasted’ means ‘high,’ ‘bent’ means intoxicated with drugs and ’beaks’ is a term for cocaine. Possibly, these terms were specifically selected, in order to keep up with the agenda of being modern, revolutionary, and explicit about the true condition of humanity. The form as well as the word choice are Ferlinghetti’s rebellion against the familiar conventions in poetry, the lack of symmetry and the double meanings in his phrases all live up to a reputation of a â€Å"beat† poet. Ferlinghetti’s fusion of past wars through Goya’s works, with present events as the industrialization, proves him to be unconventional, innovative, explicit and critical of current happenings, he successfully maintains his status as a â€Å"beat† poet. Goya’s â€Å"imagination of disaster† (line18) proves to be â€Å"bloody real,† (line19) as Ferlinghetti’s moves the reader to the present where it all â€Å"still exist[s]† (line20), and the threat of industrialization on the American society is the same as the threat of war, but with a different landscape. In the second part of the poem Ferlinghetti introduces a shift of periods; he focuses on events in the 1950’s. According to Ferlinghetti, there was a change in the landscape that consisted of billboards that advertised and encouraged capitalism, construction of freeways, cars and engines, all of these resulted from industrialization. â€Å"It is as if they really still existed/ and they do/Only the landscape is changed,† (lines 20-22) the capitalization of ‘only’ reinforces Ferlighetti’s claim that industrialization is war like. The most and only significant change is that of the background, the appearance of billboards and cars. â€Å"They are still ranged along the roads/plagued by legionnaires/false windmills and demented roosters,† (lines 23-25) Ferlinghetti’s word choice is original; he continues to fuse the concept of war with industry in the line â€Å"plagued by legionnaires† (line 24). legionnaires alludes to a legion in the army and thus to war, taking us back to the notion of destruction, on the other hand the use of the term to describe a disease is powerful. Legionnaire’s disease is known to be transferred by bacteria that thrive in pipes, water tanks and air conditioning systems, which have all been created with the help of industrialization. By using this term which associates two different meanings, Ferlinghetti skillfully inserts the idea that humanity’s largest enemy is the plague of industrialization. Ferlinghetti insists on portraying the change in the landscape as a disease, as a war in which humanity already lost. Ferlinghetti continues to fight against â€Å"bland billboards† (line 30) that are â€Å"ranged along the roads,† (line 23) and destroy the natural landscape. The landscape is plagued by â€Å"false windmills and demented roosters† (line 25) which represent capitalism at its best. Ferlinghetti’ choice of word is political, the windmills allude to ‘Don Quixote’ and the false giants he fights, and similarly Ferlinghetti fights the giant billboards, the giant corporations which stand behind them. The â€Å"demented roosters† (line 25) that plague Ferlinghetti’s landscapes are those who benefit the most of industrialized society, he alludes to the giants, businesses and corporations which subsidize industrialization. Ferlinghetti mocks their arrogance and claims them to be unreasonable, manic; they symbolize the destruction on anything that is normal and natural. Ferlinghetti sees humanity as â€Å"the same people,† (line 26) but nowadays they are distant from nature, they are â€Å"further from home† (line 27). Ferlinghetti inserts another hyperbole, he portrays all of humanity as grown apart from nature, they are on â€Å"freeways fifty lanes wide/on a concrete continent† (line 28-29). The exaggeration of a highway with fifty lanes  alongside with America as all made of concrete, reinforce his concept of a destroyed landscape. Concrete America is â€Å"spaced with bland billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness,† (line 30-31) it is false and pointless, it became a place of untruthful imitations of pleasure. Another interpretation to these lines is available, the term â€Å"spaced† (line 30) may allude to American society as being ‘high’ on innovation, as consuming it like addicts, experiencing drug induced euphoria. The new concrete â€Å"scene,† (line 32) that once was Ferlinghetti’s natural landscape, reveals that there are less â€Å"tumbrils,† old fashioned cars, and â€Å"more strung out citizens,† (line33) addicts, who consume America. Ferlighetti’s political agenda is evident in these lines, the words to protest capitalism and industrialized America are cleverly chosen. The final hyperbole of â€Å"†¦engines/that devour America† (line36-37) displays Ferlinghetti’s perception of industrialization as equal to war, capitalism has won the battle, it took over the landscape and all of humanity. They are now captives of progress, America is threaded with highways, addicted to innovation that brings spiritual desolation and only illusions of pleasure. The poem approves Ferlighetti’s â€Å"beat† character, it dismisses known conventions, experiments with language, explicitly depicting human condition and criticizes industrialization. Ferlinghetti fuses two periods and two forms of art, painting and poetry in order to connect the notion of destruction to industrialization, making the issues in the poem more than relevant even today. The reference to art, the alliteration and hyperbole all transport Ferlighetti’s personal pain and suffering of the loss of natural landscape to false portrayals of happiness that will bring about America’s destruction. Ferlinghetti as well as Goya illustrated chaos and destruction, the appearance of the poem seems to be structured, like a landscape that lost any natural traits and all that is left is the chaos after the war. Ferlighetti’s acquaintance with art and his insertion of particular images to the language in this poem is no less than brilliant, his message is as vivid, emotional and strong as a painting created by Goya.

The Concept of Film Noir

One of the most praised and seen movie genres, â€Å"Film noir† is considered as a remarkable and classic movie form by the audience. Film noir is that movie form in which dark and criminal events are showed to the audiences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Film Noir specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This form serves as a revolutionary genre in Hollywood movies as it played a vital role in changing the tradition of sunny, optimistic and commercial movies after World War II. The term â€Å"Film Noir† was coined by the French critics in order to criticize and evaluate those movies which are dark, pessimistic, negative, and serious i.e. different from the usual commercialized cinema. There are some of the apparent characteristics of film genre. In particular, film noir has some of its distinctive features as well. In this paper, we shall discuss two silent features of film noir namely sty le and narrative structure. We shall elaborate such features through the analysis of movie LA Confidential that is categorized in film noir genre. This was authenticated by Foster Hirsch who is known for his brilliant work as an analyst who used to analyze the most original genre of American cinema ‘Film Noir’ in his classic way. He evaluated that: â€Å"Noir deals with criminal activity, from a variety of perspectives, in a general mood of dislocation and bleakness which earned the style its name. Unified by a dominant tone and sensibility, the noir canon constitutes a distinct style of film-making; but it also conforms to gender requirements since it operates within a set of narrative and visual conventions†¦. Noir tells its stories in a particular way, and in a particular visual style. The repeated use of narrative and visual structures†¦.certainly qualifies noir as a genre, one that is in fact as heavily coded as the western† (Conard Porfirio, 200 7, pp. 9-10). The inventers and those who supported the genre and write many movies on this were strongly opposed by the government in the post war period as there were lots of reasons behind this. Cain, the writer of Double Indemnity was terribly criticized by the Production Code Administration (PCA) which was against the depiction of lawlessness and acts of demoralization to the audiences. So, in this way the genre of Film Noir was greatly opposed as it was injecting a negative thought in people that one can do anything for the sake of self indulgence and material satisfaction (Staudler, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The most prominent feature of film noir genre is its style that is influenced by social change in American society in post war era. The stylistic feature portrays doomed heroes, manipulating people, personal and political agendas of characters. Moreover, t he stylistic feature projects dark light sets which create long and wide shadows, disturbed and uncomfortable atmosphere and are usually dragged. Other than this a prominent quality of this genre is the development of negative behaviors in heroes or ant-heroes usually generated by Femme Fatale which is the depiction of Women in Film Noirs in a way which has never seen by the audience previously. This kind of women is different, thrilling and serve as an illicit desire for Men. Conclusively, these features of Style in Film Noir can be precisely considered as the salient feature used in the story projection of this genre. Stylistic feature is greatly visible in various Film Noirs in the past. One of the most notable examples include â€Å"L.A. Confidential† (1997) directed by Curtis Hanson show these features in order to present the original idea of Film Noir. L.A. Confidential shows the evil and personal desires of different people related to different backgrounds. It bears th e characters of a typical film noir which includes criminal activities and lethal women engagements within criminal groups. The city shown in the movie serves as the combating zone of human insights. The story is about some cops, their crimes and the guilt which they are carrying in their hearts. The style of the film is like a typical film noir i.e. dull and slow but interesting. The cinematographers have done every possible effort in order to bring originality in the movie. The movie atmosphere is dim with fewer colors and the characters have usually awkward gestures and style of clothing. (Arthur, 2008). Another feature of film noir is the narrative structure which means a lot to a film noir genre. The characterizations are done in such a way that the people who play those characters become the source of story narration. The narrative structures are different in different movies. Sometimes the screenplay’s voice-over adds a special essence in storytelling which also acts a s a source of putting intensity and quality to the movie. Also, sometimes the film’s voice-over addresses are done by a specific person who narrates the story throughout the film. This narration is spoken in a deadpan way by which the story seems more interesting to the audience (Staudler, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Film Noir specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The narrative style used in L.A. Confidential is descriptive and mind captivating. For example, the entry of Ed Exley, an ambitious and concerned cop in a crime scene shows the descriptive narrative structure when the camera focuses on each and every details of the entire grimy objects from ashtrays to the torn register. Means, the cinematographers have paid attention to every character and even to the minor things which are although not related to the main story theme but they do play an important part in the narration of s tory. This means that narration in L.A. Confidential is done usually through the visuals of a scene. By giving importance to the minor things the director has tried to give the whole explanation which is commendable. Another style of narration used in other film noirs is the narration through any of the character. For example in Double Indemnity the voice-over of the story is not the camera but a character from the film. An insurance investigator, Barton Keyes, narrates the whole plot of the story throughout the film (Staudler, 2005). L.A. Confidential although depicts the confused moods of fifties but it also updates its theme by showing all possible contemporary cultural obsession. It presents government, law enforcement and organized crime as the three interlinked forms. According to the creator of the story these three forms are interconnected with each other and each has common goals and brutal business tactics. They can do anything to victimize the city’s underclass (Ar thur, 2008). The movie L.A. Confidential has all the features of a film noir and presents briefly a clear idea about the style and narrative structure used in the film. The story is quite different from the usual film noirs but it has many variations which and mind captivating characteristics which attract the audience. L.A. confidential has provided information about this genre to the audience by showing them the original features. The new thing in this movie was the depiction of a brief account of crimes by the government officials not the common people. Other than this, the movie makers like the other film noirs have again incorporated their suggestions about the evil desires of human and their devilish plots in this movie which clarifies the fact that man can descend to any level in order to achieve his goals (Arthur, 2008). Although this genre of film making was opposed to a high extent but originally it is a way of depicting real life incidents. The stories and characters are made on the basis of real life happenings. Writer Cain (Double Indemnity) has also taken example from his own life and clarified that although this genre seems controversial and is something which is showing things which can have a demoralizing impact on people but in actual these are the hard realities of life which the Hollywood movies are trying to show to the people.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Arthur, P. (2008). L.A. Confidential. New York: Cineaste Publishers. Conard, M., Porfirio, R. (2007). The Philosophy of Film Noir. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. Staudler, G. (2005). Doble Indemnity, Hard-Boil Film Noir. New York, London.: W.W.NortonCompany. This essay on The Concept of Film Noir was written and submitted by user Jamal Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Searching For a Good Fieldwork Essay Sample

Searching For a Good Fieldwork Essay SampleA fieldwork essay sample can be a tremendous asset to any college student who plans to pursue a degree in biology. Such a course, especially one that covers DNA and genomics, requires an incredibly meticulous and detailed writing style.For example, a major focus of a course in biology that requires reading and writing skills at a general high school level can be explained in the following paragraph:First, we should cover some general high school level information about what it is we are going to cover in this class. Second, we should examine the basic organs of the body and their functions, and the different types of cells they comprise. Third, we should discuss the various tissues and their uses. Fourth, we should also discuss the interaction between these systems and how each affects the other.The basic interplay between cells and their components is very important for everyone. Cell interactions are involved in every stage of human life a nd the process of obtaining information about the interaction between cell and their environment can be critical to our understanding of human biology. It may seem difficult to research the complexities of human cells and tissues when we consider the fact that we have been able to describe them since the mid-19th century. However, the scientific advances that have taken place in the last two hundred years have opened up whole new vistas of knowledge.Now, if you are seeking a good course in biology, whether in high school or in graduate school, it is vitally important that you consider taking a fieldwork essay sample that you can read from beginning to end, using your new language skills to make sure that you understand everything that you are learning. If you do not have the time to devote to reading a large volume of literature or even a small fieldwork project, you should still think about seeking one out. And, luckily, there are quite a few different types of fieldwork essays. He re is a quick rundown of the most common ones.The first type of essay I mentioned above is for people who are going to be doing their fieldwork in a lab. For this type of essay, you would generally find a fairly simple piece of literature that has an introduction ('Chapter One' on your first day of work) followed by a series of descriptions of how you will use your notebook and other equipment, as well as the lab structure itself, and finally a conclusion. Because you will be documenting everything, this is an excellent place to find a writing sample.Another common type of fieldwork sample is an essay that is used for a team project. In this situation, you and your team will be working on a larger project, one that will run from beginning to end. This may require you to go to a specific destination, or perhaps even to some sort of prearranged meeting point. Having an essay that you can read that summarizes your task and location is crucial. Again, you may want to go back to a previo us school year or even previous fieldwork projects to look for a good writing sample.Fieldwork essay samples are valuable tools for any student planning to take a course in biology. By taking the time to seek out one, you will be able to get the reading and writing skills necessary to take on an incredibly demanding course.

Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation The WritePass Journal

Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation Introduction Offer and acceptance of advance repudiation Introduction1. The lapse of time:2.   Accepting the breach:Affirming the contractCharactersistics:Requirements:1. Legitimate interest:2. No cooperation:Risk to the non-breaching party following the decision to affirm after the other party’s anticipatory repudiation:ReferencesRelated Introduction Repudiation in the present sense occurs where a party indicates, either expressly or impliedly, by words or conduct that he does not intend to honor his obligations when they fall due in the future.(Richards, 2004) and (Furmston, 2006) p.688 It must be observed that, even if the party wrongfully repudiates all further liability, the contract will not automatically come to an end. Sinceits termination is the converse of its creation, principle demands that it should not be recognized unless this is what both party intend. The familiar test of offer and acceptance serves to determine their common intention. Where A and B are parties to an executor contract and A indicates that he is no longer able or willing to perform his outstanding obligations, he in effect makes an offer that the contract shall be discharged.(Furmston, 2006) Therefore B is presented with an option. He may either refuse or accept the offer as in Denmark Productions Ltd v Boscobel Productions Ltd[1]. More precisely, he may either affirm the contract by treating it as still in force or on the other hand he may treat it as finally and conclusively discharged. The consequences vary according to the choice that he prefers.(Furmston, 2006). Once the innocent party has elected to affirm or for that matter to treat the contract as discharged, he cannot retract his election. In Panchaud Frà ¨res SA v Établissements General Grain Co.[2] it was held that affirmation is really a species of waiver that results in an innocent party being stopped form alternating his election.(Richards, 2004) 1. The lapse of time: The injured party does have time to decide whether to affirm or terminate the contract but doing nothing for too long may be seen as affirmation as in the case StoczniaGdanska SA v Latvian Shipping[3]. (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004) The Court of Appeal recognized that there was a period prior to the election when the non-breaching party was making up its mind whether to terminate or affirm. In this period the contract and the right to terminate were both kept alive. As Rix LJ noted, this period cannot extend indefinitely and inaction over a sufficiently lengthy period may be held to constitute affirmation. In addition, since the contract remains alive until the non-breaching party terminates, the non-breaching party will be subject to the same risks that affect the non-breaching party who formally affirms. (Poole, 2008) 2.   Accepting the breach: An anticipatory breach of contract entitles the innocent party to terminate performance of the contract immediately. The novel feature of anticipatory breach is that acceptance of the breach entitles the innocent party to claim damages at the date of acceptance of the breach. He does not have to wait until the date fixed for performance, even though this has the effect of accelerating the obligations of the party in breach. It does seem illogical to say that a party can be in breach of contract before the time fixed for performance under the contract(McKendrick, 2009). The innocent party may choose to immediately terminate the contract and sue for damages even though the date for actual performance has not passed. This choice arises, it is said, because the other party has repudiated the contract by her actions.(Atiyah and Smith, 2006) Where the innocent party does decide to terminate performance of the contract he must give notice to the party in breach that he is accepting the anticipatory breach (or otherwise overtly evidence his acceptance of the breach) and he must not inconsistently with his decision to accept the breach (McKendrick, 2009). The innocent party has the right to elect to accept the repudiation as discharging the contract with the result that all his future obligations under the contract come to an end, as do the obligations of the guilty party, though here his obligation to pay damages arises by operation of law, as stated in Moschi v Lep Air Services Ltd.[4](Richards, 2004) There are, of course, dangers in treating an action by the other party as repudiation if it turns out to be viewed otherwise by the court. The party purporting to accept a repudiatory breach may well take action (as was the case in Vitol v Norelf) which itself involves a breach may find the tables turned and that that party itself is now liable to damages for its own breach of the contract. In Federal Commerce and Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc, the Nan Fir[5] which concerned the operation of three time charter parties, the charters deduct various amounts from the hire which they paid to the owners. The owners objected and issued instructions to the masters of a vessel concerned to withdraw all authority to the charters on their agents to sign the bills of lading. This action was held to amount to a repudiatory breach which entitled the charter to terminate the charter parties. (Stone, 2009) The innocent party must act so as to make plain that he claims to treat the contract as at an end. There is no reason why the acceptance of an anticipatory repudiation should not take the form of words or conducts which make it plain that the innocent party is responding to the repudiation by treating a contract as at an end. Thus, a failure to perform contractual obligations is capable of amounting to an acceptance of an anticipatory repudiation of a contract: Vitol S.A v Norelf Ltd; The Santa Clara[6]. The non-breaching party can sue at once, need not wait and if he does, he can win even though at the time of action his right is contingent, leading case is Frost v Knight 1872. (Upex et al., 2003) The most striking feature of the doctrine of anticipatory breach is that the acceptance of the breach entitles the victim to claim damages at one, before the time fixed for performance. This rule was established in Hochster v De La Tour. (Peel, 2007) Hochster v De La Tour[7] made it clear that damage can be claimed immediately on the basis of an accepted anticipatory breach without any need to wait for the time of performance. A similar result was reached in Frost v Knight[8]. In that case the defendant was promised the plaintiff that he would marry her when his father die. Subsequently the defendant broke off his engagement to the plaintiff. She took action while the defendant’s father was still alive and was successful in her claim. (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004) A leading case upon this subject is Hochster v De La Tour. The right to claim damages immediately exists even when the performance is not absolute as in Hochster v De La Tour but contingent as in Frost v Knight. In that case, performance was contingent upon an event which might not happen within the lifetime of the party.(Beatson, 2002) If the non-breaching party has terminated following the renunciation, it is clear that he can claim for damages from that time and does not need to wait until the date fixed for performance under the contract (Hochster v De La Tour). However, the non-breaching party would be under a duty to mitigate its loss as from the date of termination. In Reichman v Beveridge[9], a landlord and tenant case, the tenant argued that having left the premises three years into a five-year lease, there was a duty placed on the landlord to mitigate in a claim for rent arrears following the abandonment, e.g., by finding a replacement tenant, marketing the premises and not rejecting offers from prospective tenants. However, the Court of Appeal accepted that there was no such duty to mitigate in an action in debt (i.e., the action for arrears of rent).(Poole, 2008) Awarding damages for breach before performance is due may seem objectionable because where the interval between termination and the time of performance is long; an immediate damages award accelerates the defendant’s obligations and increases the potential for errors in quantifying damages since that conventionally rests on the market value of the lost performance at the time of performance. However, the rule can be justified for encouraging the speedy resolution of broken-down contracts and minimizing the claimant’s losses. It gives the claimant the incentive to terminate the contract immediately and move on, rather than keeping himself ready to perform (which is likely to increase his loss) a contract which will inevitably be breached come the time of performance.(Chen-Wishart, 2007) Affirming the contract Charactersistics: The non-breaching party can choose not to accept the repudiation, say by communicating that she is still expecting performance from the other party, then the contract remains in operation. In this case the innocent party can terminate or sue for damages if and when the breach actually happens, but in the meantime must remain ready to perform as required by the contract. This principle that the innocent party must remain able and willing to perform if he keeps the contract alive is, however, qualified by another principle, to the effect that if the guilty party continues to make it quite clear that he will not perform, the the innocent party can eventually abandon his attempts to perform. This can either be seen as an ultimate acceptance by conduct of the repudiation, after its initial rejection, or as an act of induced reliance by the innocent party, which stops the guilty party from complaining about the former’s inability to perform. (Atiyah and Smith, 2006) On the basis that the breach is repudiatory, the usual election will apply so that the non-breaching party will have the option of accepting the breach as terminating the contract, or affirming and awaiting performance on the contractual date set for that performance to begin (Fercometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co. SA[10]).(Poole, 2008) In White Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor[11], the House of Lords (by a majority of 3:2) held that they were entitled to recover the contract price. There was no requirement that they minimize (or mitigate) their loss by finding an alternative business or product to advertise on the litterbins.(Poole, 2008) One of the reasons for the strict approach to identification of affirmation as requiring clear and unequivocal evidence of an intention to continue with the contract, is frequently stated to be that the election is irrevocable, i.e., having affirmed, the non-breaching party cannot change its mind in the period between affirmation and the contractual date for performance (although following non-performance on the contractual date there would be a new opportunity to elect to terminate or affirm for that actual repudiatory breach. As stated by Lord Ackner in Fercometal v Mediterranean Shipping: ‘there is no third choice to affirm the contract and yet be absolved from tendering further performance unless and until the breaching party gives reasonable notice that he is one again able and willing to perform’.(Poole, 2008) It has long been recognized that where the breach is continuing one (i.e., it continues after affirmation) and is repudiatory, the fact of the earlier affirmation will not prevent the non-breaching party form choosing to terminate in the period prior to that date set for contractual performance. This was recognized by Thomas J (obiter) in Stocznia Gdanska SA v Latvian Shipping Co[12].(Poole, 2008) If the injured party chooses not to accept the repudiation, then there is no breach at that point and no duty to mitigate. If the injured party can sue for the debt, he will not be concerned with the rules restricting recovery of damages, including the duty to mitigate. This can lead to the injured party claiming payment for an ‘unwanted and wasted’ performance, which contractors awkwardly with the mitigation rule’s limitation on recovery. The point arises from decision in White and Carter (Council) (Koffman and Macdonald, 2004). Where the innocent party does decide to affirm the contract and demand performance at the stipulated time, a number of consequences flow from this decision. The first is that affirmation does not prevent the innocent party accepting the breach if, at the date fixed for performance, the other party still refuses to perform. The second is that the innocent party, in addition to affirming the contract, may continue with the performance of his obligations under the contract, even though he knows that the performance is not wanted by that other party. This is what happened in the controversial case of White and Catter (McKendrick, 2009). Requirements: The principle laid down in White and Carter is, in fact, the subject of a number of qualifications. The first is that the innocent party cannot compel the party in breach to cooperate with him so that, where the innocent party cannot continue with performance without the cooperation of the party in breach, he will be compelled to accept the breach (Hounslow LBSC V Twickenham Ltd). The second qualification is derived from the speech of Lord Reid in White and Carter when he said that: ‘it may well be that, if it can be shown that a person has no legitimate interest, financial or otherwise, in performing the contract rather than claiming damages, he ought not to be allowed to saddle the other party with an additional burden with no benefit to himself.’ (McKendrick, 2009) 1. Legitimate interest: In view of the objections to wastage inherent in the White Carter principle, subsequent courts have seized upon statements by Lord Reid in order to limit the potential scope of the principle (indeed, Megarry J in Hounslow v Twickenham[13]).(Poole, 2008) Lord Reid said that the general power to affirm the contract could not be exercised by a person who had no ‘legitimate interest, financial or otherwise, in performing the contract rather than claiming damages’. However, it would be sufficient that it was merely ‘unreasonable’ to affirm; something more than this would be required.(Poole, 2008) Thus, the guilty party can avoid the operation of the principle in White Carter v McGregor by establishing that the non-breaching party has no legitimate interest in continuing performance.(Poole, 2008) Lord Reid’s statement was adopted and applied in Clea Shipping Corp. v Bulk Oil International Ltd, The Alaskan Trader[14]. The principle is clearly aimed at preventing very obvious wastage when the other party does not require performance. (Poole, 2008) 2. No cooperation: The second limitation requires that the affirming party must be able to continue with their own performance of the contract without the cooperation of the breaching party in order to be able to claim the contract price (otherwise the affirming party will be limited to a remedy in damages).(Poole, 2008) Cooperation in this context includes both active and passive cooperation of the renouncing party (e.g., Hounslow London Borough Council v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd[15]: following renunciation by the local authority employers, contractors had no right to insist on continuing to perform the contract because the work was being done on local authority property and they were unable to gain access to the site without the local authority’s permission).(Poole, 2008) However, the restriction in White Carter that a claimant will be limited to a remedy in damages where he is unable to perform without the cooperation of the contract-breaker, applies only where the performance which has been prevented by the breach was a pre-condition to the payment obligation, i.e. the performance obligation was entire (in caseMinistry of Sound (Ireland) Ltd v World Online Ltd[16]) (Poole, 2008) Risk to the non-breaching party following the decision to affirm after the other party’s anticipatory repudiation: On the other hand, a decision to affirm the contract may work to the disadvantage of the innocent party. The first disadvantage is that an innocent party who affirms the contract may lose his right to sue for damages completely if the contract is frustrated between the date of the unaccepted anticipatory breach and the date fixed for performance (Avery v Bowden). Secondly, an innocent party who affirms the contract but subsequently breaches the contract himself cannot argue that the unaccepted anticipatory breach excused him from his obligation to perform under the contract. Where the breach is not accepted the parties remain subject to their obligation under the contract, so that the ‘innocent party’ may find himself liable to pay damages for breach of contract if he fails to accept the breach and subsequently breaches the contract himself (The Simona).(McKendrick, 2009) Following affirmation, the non-breaching party is exposed to a number of risks in the period between affirmation and remedies following the earlier renunciation. The existence of these risks lends support to the position adopted by the Court of Appeal in Stocznia since, if the non-breaching party does have to accept these risks, it is arguable that in this period the ability to terminate should continue to exist where the renunciation is continuing.(Poole, 2008) The risks placed on the affirming party in the period between affirmation and the date for performance are not insignificant. For example: 1.If the non breaching party is itself in breach of contract, that party cannot argue, at least not unless estoppels operates, that the initial renunciation by the other party operates as an excuse for its own subsequent breach as in Ferometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co, SA, The Simona[1]. Once the contract was treated as being still in force, it was ‘kept alive for the benefit of both parties’, and the party affirming could not both keep it alive and seek to justify his own non-performance by reference to the earlier repudiation.(Poole, 2008) In a situation where there has been an anticipatory breach of contract the innocent party elects to affirm the contract, he is still required to perform his own obligations under the contract but faces the danger that, should he subsequently become guilty of a breach of contract, the other party may escape liability. This point was discussed in Ferometal SARL v Mediterranean Shipping Co, SA, The Simona.(Richards, 2004). 2.Similarly, if the contract is frustrated in the period between the affirmation and the due date for performance, the frustration will discharge the contract and the non-breaching party will lose the remedy of damages for the breach as in Avery v Bowden[2], the outbreak of Crimean War, thus depriving the ship-owners of a remedy they might have had for the failure to provide a cargo, hat that repudiation been accepted as terminating the contract.(Poole, 2008) A further danger with affirmation lies in the possibility that a frustrating event may occur after the innocent party has affirmed the contract. Where an innocent party has decided to affirm a contract and there is a breach when the date of performance on the contract arrives. References Atiyah, P. S. Smith, S. A. (2006), Introduction to the law of contract, 6th ed, Oxford: Oxford university press. Beatson, J. (2002), Law of contract, 28th ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chen-Wishart, M. (2007), Contract law, 2nd ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Furmston, M. (2006), Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmstons law of contract, 15th ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Koffman, L. Macdonald, E. (2004), The law of contract, 5th ed, London: Tolley. Mckendrick, E. (2009), Contract law, 8th ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Peel, E. (2007), Treitel, The law of contract, 12th ed, London: Sweet Maxwell. Poole, J. (2008), Textbook on contract law, 9th ed, Oxford: Oxford University. Richards, P. (2004), Law of contract, 6th ed, Harlow: Pearson Longman. Stone, R. (2009), The modern law of contract, 8th ed, London: Routledge-Cavendish. Upex, R., Bennet, G. Chuah, J. (2003), Davies on contract, 9th ed, London: Sweet Maxwell.